Transformations

Last updated Feb 10, 2024

Introduction

The Office of Family Assistance (OFA) collects and releases data on the federal funds awarded to and expended by states for the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program quarterly. Annually, OFA compiles this data and publicly releases a dataset summarizing TANF funding and expenditures. TANF has existed since 1996 and all states had to adopt the program by July 1997. The data that OFA release thus provide a rich longitudinal dataset for public servants, citizens, and academics interested in the evolution of the program. However, users who wished to use the data have historically had to do a substantial amount of work to understand the data and to compile it over time.

When these data accessibility issues were resurfaced by a recent Presidential Management Fellows (PMF) Challenge Team report, OFA reached out to the ACF Tech Data Surge Team (henceforth, the Surge Team) for support. The PMF report made three recommendations:

1. That OFA take additional steps to showcase the TANF data, by creating blog posts and fact sheets

2. That OFA consolidate the data, by creating a single file which contains data for all years from 1997-2023 (present) and by making data accessible via dashboards

3. That OFA clarify the data by publishing descriptions of each data source and metadata files for each dataset.

OFA asked the Surge Team to focus on the final two recommendations. Specifically, OFA wanted the Surge Team to append TANF caseload and financial data for the full range of years available, to create the metadata files for these new datasets, and to develop a dashboard to showcase this data in Tableau. The present document outlines the steps taken to append the caseload data, append the financial data and define Tableau related variables for each dataset.

Financial Data

Description of the Data

The TANF financial data are currently published in one or more Microsoft Excel workbooks for each fiscal year. In 2015, a revised version of the ACF-196 instructions (ACF-196R) was released to help improve accounting:

Prior to FY 2015, TANF financial reporting expenditure categories did not fully reflect the wide range of benefits and services funded by federal TANF and state MOE dollars, causing states to categorize many activities simply as “other” and allowing certain activities to fall into multiple categories at once. This created confusion and inconsistencies that made analyzing spending information and comparing data across states problematic. Additionally, it was difficult to understand exactly how much money had been spent in a given fiscal year, due to the cumulative reporting nature of the previous accounting method.

In an effort to increase transparency and accuracy of the TANF financial data and eliminate ambiguities and inconsistencies without placing undue burden on states, OFA created the revised reporting form ACF-196R, which does two things:

The ACF-196R modifies and expands the list of expenditure categories and accompanying definitions (see Figure 4). It includes new categories such as child welfare, services to children and youth, and pre-kindergarten/Head Start. It also requires narrative descriptions of expenditures reported as “Other,” and “Authorized Solely Under Prior Law.”

The ACF-196R changes the accounting method to require states to report actual expenditures made in a fiscal year and make any subsequent revisions or corrections to the report for the fiscal year in which that expenditure occurred. [1]

This also had the effect of changing the content of the workbooks resulting in two “stable periods” (periods during which the information collected in form ACF-196 does not change): 1997-2014, and 2015-2023 (present). In addition to the fundamental changes in the contents of the files, file formats change over time. There are three distinct periods for this: 1997-2009, 2010-2014, and 2015-2023 (present). There is also intra-period variation in file structure, including workbook names, worksheet names, and column names.

File Preparation

Some files required manual preparation. For example, in the following years Line 6l (Non-Assistance Authorized Solely Under Prior Law) was labeled 6i: 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, and 2009. We renamed many files in the period 2010-2023 to simplify their ingestion into Python. We also renamed a 2010 workbook sheet to align its name with others in the period, changing it from “Total State Expenditures” to “Total State Expenditure Summary”.

Transformations

The complexity of the data demands addressing unique challenges within each period. This section is separated into subsections that identify universal transformations, as well as those applied only within a specific period.

Universal

As noted in the Description of the Data section, column names varied across files both within stable periods and within periods where file formats were consistent. To circumvent this problem, we mapped the column names in the workbooks to their corresponding line numbers. This ensured that any variation in naming conventions between the workbooks did not impact our ability to append data within stable periods.

In rare cases values in a worksheet were missing. We assume that a missing value means that a state made no expenditures in that category. Therefore, we set all missing values to 0. A similar approach is taken when summing across the federal and state levels to generate the total level. Some categories which exist at the federal level do not exist at the state level. To prevent missing values, we set values in these non-existent columns to 0 during this addition step. Two important distinctions between the zeroing in the addition step and appending steps should be noted: 1) a missing value still appears as missing at the appropriate level after zeroing during the addition step, and 2) if both the state and federal level are missing a value (which occurs often in earlier years, since a category may not have existed at all) the value appears as missing at the total level.

Some missing values appear as strings in the data which often results in numeric columns being read as string. After dealing with missing values (e.g. replacing “-“ with 0), we convert all columns to numeric. During this conversion we round values to the nearest integer.

In all years and across all tabs, the data is limited to the 50 states, D.C., and a U.S. Total Row. U.S. territories and Puerto Rico are not included in the data.

1997-2009

State-level results are the sum of expenditures using State Family Assistance Grant (SFAG) Funds and expenditures on Assistance using Maintenance of Effort Funds in Separate State Programs (SSP). Beginning in 2010, this sum is precalculated in the public-facing workbooks, but in 1997-2009 this is not the case. Therefore, to generate the state tab in this period we explicitly sum the SFAG and SSP funds.

Similarly, from 1997-2009, carryover—the funds in a state’s budget that are residuals from prior years—is not included in the workbooks. To get this figure, we sum the federal unliquidated obligations (Line 9, 196) and unobligated balance (Line 10, 196) in the year prior to the current year. For example, to calculate carryover in 2009, we sum 2008’s federal unliquidated obligations and unobligated balance. This means that in 1997, the first year for which we have data, carryover is set to 0.

Across most worksheets, a “U.S. TOTAL” row is included which sums values across all states within that year. In years in which this row doesn’t appear, we create it by summing the values across all states.

2010-2014

During the 2010-2014 period, the financial workbooks do not include adjusted award (Line 4, 196). To generate this in these years, we subtract Transfers to Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF) Discretionary (Line 2, 196), and Transfers to Social Services Block Grant (Line 3, 196) from Federal Funds Awarded (Line 1, 196).

2015-2023

No period-specific changes were implemented.

Mapping across the disjoint

As noted earlier, in 2015 the instructions for completing form ACF-196 were revised. This resulted in an increase in the number of reporting categories. Practically, this means that some lines in ACF-196R map directly to lines in ACF-196, some lines have no ACF-196 analogue, and in some cases multiple lines in ACF-196 need to be summed to arrive at a single line in ACF-196R. OFA created a crosswalk which maps ACF-196 columns to their corresponding ACF-196R counterparts. Then, after labeling column names with their respective line numbers for all files, we leveraged the crosswalk to perform the necessary renaming and summation to convert ACF-196 lines into ACF-196R lines. This mapping is imperfect. For example, prior to 2015 (ACF-196) college scholarships for youth who are not parents could have been recorded as Education and Training (Line 6a2, 196), Prevention of Out-of-Wedlock Pregnancies (Line 6h, 196) or Other (Line 6m, 196). Still, with no way to disaggregate these expenditures this crosswalk represents the closest possible alignment between data from the two stable periods. A table outlining those transformations is included in Appendix A.

This conversion allowed us to append the data from the two stable periods—1997-2014 and 2015-2023—resulting in a single file containing data for the full period. We then appended the corresponding field name to the column names, which were up to this point the line numbers from ACF-196R (i.e. a column named “1” would be renamed “1. Awarded”). These names can also be seen in Appendix A.

Column names, types and other metadata for the final appended file can be seen in Appendix B.

Tableau Variables

In its visualizations and reports, OFA references a consolidated set of metrics: Basic Assistance, Work, Education, & Training Activities, Child Care (Spent or Transferred), Program Management, Refundable Tax Credits, Child Welfare Services, Pre-Kindergarten/Head Start, Transferred to SSBG, Out-of-Wedlock Pregnancy Prevention, Non-Recurrent Short Term Benefits, Work Supports & Supportive Services, Services for Children & Youth, Authorized Solely Under Prior Law, Fatherhood & Two-Parent Family Programs, Other. Each of these metrics is equivalent to the sum of one or more lines in ACF-196R. These variables are present in Tableau-specific files that underlie the views in the financial data’s Tableau dashboard. The set of instructions used to create each variable can be seen in Appendix C.

We created several new variables for inclusion in the files used to generate Tableau dashboards: pct_of_tanf, pct_of_total, and InflationAdjustedAmount. The first, pct_of_tanf, calculates the ratio of an expenditure category to the total funds available for TANF. The total funds available for TANF is calculated as the sum of Total Expenditures (Line 24, 196R), Transfers to Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF) Discretionary (Line 2, 196R), and Transfers to Social Services Block Grant (Line 3, 196R). This sum is done within a given state, year, and funding level combination. The ratio is calculated by dividing the amount of expenditure in a category by the calculated total.

The second variable, pct_of_total, displays the percentage of the total expenditures in a category that can be attributed to the state or federal funding levels. For example, if in state A in year X the total expenditure in a category is $100 and the expenditure in that category at the federal and state funding levels is $55 and $45 respectively, then pct_of_total at the federal level will be 55% and pct_of_total at the state level will be 45%.

We calculate inflation adjusted amounts using the Personal Consumption Expenditures Price Index (PCE). [2] To calculate the PCE for the federal fiscal year, we take the average of the current year’s PCE from January through September and the previous year’s PCE from October through December. [3] For example, to calculate PCE for 1999 we take the average of the PCE for October 1998 through September 1999. To produce inflation adjusted amounts, we multiply the raw amount by the base year’s (2023) PCE and divide by the target year’s PCE.

Caseload Data

Description of the Data

The Office of Family Assistance (OFA) collects data concerning Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) caseloads monthly. Annually, OFA compiles this data and publicly releases a dataset summarizing TANF caseloads. The TANF caseload data are currently published across three Microsoft Excel workbooks each fiscal year: a workbook containing TANF, or federal, caseload figures, a workbook containing Separate State Programs (SSP) and Maintenance of Effort (MOE), or state, caseload figures, and a workbook containing the total caseload (sum of TANF and SSP-MOE). These workbooks house tables reporting monthly caseload figures, as well as tables reporting the average caseload for the fiscal year (October - September). The average number of families and individual recipients receiving TANF are reported separately. The longitudinal file we generate uses only the average caseloads for each fiscal year, in each file.

Transformations

While the caseload data is already relatively consistent across time, some work is necessary to align the data for longitudinal use. We applied the following transformations to generate a longitudinal file:

• Merged family and recipient sheets – As noted in the description of the data, the average number of family and individual participants in TANF are reported separately. For our purposes, this is not necessary. Therefore, we merge these two worksheets.

• Renamed columns – Column names are similar, but inconsistent across time. To ensure that columns always align, we assign them consistent names over time. Column names, definitions, and other metadata can be seen in Appendix D.

• Standardize state names – We resolve some inconsistencies in State names throughout the files. For example:

  • Washington D.C. is always denoted “District of Columbia.”

  • The row totaling all states is always denoted “U.S. Total” to align with the financial data.

  • We correct a typo in “Montana” in at least one case.

  • Any characters indicating references to notes are removed (for example, “*”, or numbers such as “1”).

  • We correct the mislabeling of Wisconsin in 2004.

• Remove notes and header rows.

• Round numeric values to the nearest integer.

Tableau Variables

We created several new variables for inclusion in the data sets used to create Tableau dashboards: pct_of_total, and pct_deviation. The variable pct_of_total calculates the percentage of the total number of families or recipients attributable to a specific category. For example if there are 100 total recipients—65 children, and 35 adults—the pct_of_total for children would be 65%. We calculate this variable by dividing a category by the corresponding total: pct_of_total for “Two Parent Families” is calculated as “Two Parent Families”/”Total Families” within a given year, state, and funding source.

The variable pct_deviation calculates the percentage a value has deviated from its value in a base year. By default the base year is the earliest year for which data is available on that measure. Thus, if in 1997 there were 100 total families and in 1998 there are 105, pct_deviation equals 5%. This measure is calculated by first identifying a base year within a state, funding source, and category and extracting the value of the category in this base year. The values for all years (still within a state, funding source, and category) are then divided by the base year value and converted to percentages.

Appendices

Appendix A: Mapping ACF-196 to ACF-196R

	Line Number in ACF-196R	Line Number(s) in ACF-196	Operation	Column Name in Appended File
0	1	1	Rename	Awarded
1	2	2	Rename	Transfers to Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF) Discretionary
2	3	3	Rename	Transfers to Social Services Block Grant (SSBG)
3	4	4	Rename	Adjusted Award
4	5	Carryover	Rename	Carryover
5	6	5a	Rename	Basic Assistance
6	6a			6a. Basic Assistance (excluding Payments for Relative Foster Care, and Adoption and Guardianship Subsidies)
7	6b			6b. Relative Foster Care Maintenance Payments and Adoption and Guardianship Subsidies
8	7	5d	Rename	Assistance Authorized Solely Under Prior Law
9	7a			7a. Foster Care Payments
10	7b			7b. Juvenile Justice Payments
11	7c			7c. Emergency Assistance Authorized Solely Under Prior Law
12	8	6l	Rename	Non-Assistance Authorized Solely Under Prior Law
13	8a			8a. Child Welfare or Foster Care Services
14	8b			8b. Juvenile Justice Services
15	8c			8c. Emergency Services Authorized Solely Under Prior Law
16	9	6a	Rename	Work, Education, and Training Activities
17	9a	6a1	Rename	9a. Subsidized Employment
18	9b	6a2	Rename	9b. Education and Training
19	9c	6a3	Rename	9c. Additional Work Activities
20	10	5c,6c	Sum	Work Supports
21	11			Early Care and Education
22	11a	5b,6b	Sum	11a. Child Care (Assistance and Non-Assistance)
23	11b			11b. Pre-Kindergarten/Head Start
24	12	6d	Rename	Financial Education and Asset Developments
25	13	6e	Rename	Refundable Earned Income Tax Credits
26	14	6f	Rename	Non-EITC Refundable State Tax Credits
27	15	6g	Rename	Non-Recurrent Short Term Benefits
28	16			Supportive Services
29	17			Services for Children and Youth
30	18	6h	Rename	Prevention of Out-of-Wedlock Pregnancies
31	19	6i	Rename	Fatherhood and Two-Parent Family Formation and Maintenance Programs
32	20			Child Welfare Services
33	20a			20a. Family Support/Family Preservation/Reunification Services
34	20b			20b. Adoption Services
35	20c			20c. Additional Child Welfare Services
36	21			Home Visiting Programs
37	22			Program Management
38	22a	6j	Rename	22a. Administrative Costs
39	22b			22b. Assessment/Service Provision
40	22c	6k	Rename	22c. Systems
41	23	6m	Rename	Other
42	25	8		NOT INCLUDED
43	26	6c1		NOT INCLUDED
44	24	7	Rename	Total Expenditures
45	27	9	Rename	Federal Unliquidated Obligations
46	28	10	Rename	Unobligated Balance
47		5		NOT INCLUDED
48		6		NOT INCLUDED
49		6c2		NOT INCLUDED
50		12		NOT INCLUDED

Appendix B: Financial Data Metadata

	Line Number in ACF-196R	Line Number(s) in ACF-196	Column Name in Appended File	Type	Description
0			State	String	State that funding amounts pertain to
1			FiscalYear	Integer	Federal fiscal year (October - September) to which funds can be attributed
2	1	1	Awarded	Integer	The cumulative total of federal TANF funds awarded
3	2	2	Transfers to Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF) Discretionary	Integer	The total SFAG funds that the state transferred to the Discretionary Fund of the CCDF during the FFY
4	3	3	Transfers to Social Services Block Grant (SSBG)	Integer	The total federal SFAG funds the state transferred to the SSBG during the FFY
5	4	4	Adjusted Award	Integer	The net total of funds available for TANF after subtracting the amounts transferred to the CCDF program (Line 2) and/or the SSBG program (Line 3).
6	5	Carryover	Carryover	Integer	The sum of the Federal Unliquidated Obligations and Unobligated Balances for a GY award, as of the end of the previous FFY
7	6	5a	Basic Assistance	Integer	The total expenditures from lines 6a.and 6b.
8	6a		6a. Basic Assistance (excluding Payments for Relative Foster Care, and Adoption and Guardianship Subsidies)	Integer	Basic assistance is defined as cash, payments, vouchers, and other forms of benefits designed to meet a family’s ongoing basic needs (i.e., for food, clothing, shelter, utilities, household goods, personal care items, and general incidental expenses)
9	6b		6b. Relative Foster Care Maintenance Payments and Adoption and Guardianship Subsidies	Integer	Basic assistance provided on behalf of a child or children for whom the child welfare agency has legal placement and care responsibility and is living with a caretaker relative; or child or children living with legal guardians
10	7	5d	Assistance Authorized Solely Under Prior Law	Integer	The total expenditures from lines 7a., 7b., and 7c
11	7a		7a. Foster Care Payments	Integer	Foster care assistance on behalf of children, authorized solely under section 404(a)(2) of the Act and referenced in a state’s former AFDC or Emergency Assistance plan
12	7b		7b. Juvenile Justice Payments	Integer	Assistance payments on behalf of children in the state’s juvenile justice system, authorized solely under section 404(a)(2) of the Act and referenced in a state’s former AFDC or Emergency Assistance plan
13	7c		7c. Emergency Assistance Authorized Solely Under Prior Law	Integer	Other benefits authorized solely under section 404(a)(2) of the Act and referenced in a state’s former AFDC or Emergency Assistance plan
14	8	6l	Non-Assistance Authorized Solely Under Prior Law	Integer	The total expenditures from lines 8a., 8b., and 8c
15	8a		8a. Child Welfare or Foster Care Services	Integer	Services provided to children and their families involved in the state’s child welfare system, authorized solely under section 404(a)(2) of the Act, and referenced in a state’s former AFDC or Emergency Assistance plan
16	8b		8b. Juvenile Justice Services	Integer	Juvenile justice services provided to children, youth, and families, authorized solely under section 404(a)(2) of the Act, and referenced in a state’s former AFDC or Emergency Assistance plan
17	8c		8c. Emergency Services Authorized Solely Under Prior Law	Integer	Other services, authorized solely under section 404(a)(2) of the Act, and referenced in a state’s former AFDC or Emergency Assistance plan
18	9	6a	Work, Education, and Training Activities	Integer	The total expenditures from lines 9a., 9b., and 9c
19	9a	6a1	9a. Subsidized Employment	Integer	Payments to employers or third parties to help cover the costs of employee wages, benefits, supervision, or training
20	9b	6a2	9b. Education and Training	Integer	Education and training activities, including secondary education (including alternative programs); adult education, high school diploma-equivalent (such as GED) and ESL classes; education directly related to employment; job skills training; education provided as vocational educational training or career and technical education; and post-secondary education
21	9c	6a3	9c. Additional Work Activities	Integer	Work activities that have not been reported in employment subsidies or education and training
22	10	5c,6c	Work Supports	Integer	Assistance and non-assistance transportation benefits, such as the value of allowances, bus tokens, car payments, auto repair, auto insurance reimbursement, and van services provided in order to help families obtain, retain, or advance in employment, participate in other work activities, or as a non-recurrent, short-term benefit
23	11		Early Care and Education	Integer	The total expenditures from lines 11a. and 11b
24	11a	5b,6b	11a. Child Care (Assistance and Non-Assistance)	Integer	Child care expenditures for families that need child care to work, participate in work activities (such as job search, community service, education, or training), or for respite purposes
25	11b		11b. Pre-Kindergarten/Head Start	Integer	Pre-kindergarten or kindergarten education programs (allowable if they do not meet the definition of a “general state expense”), expansion of Head Start programs, or other school readiness programs
26	12	6d	Financial Education and Asset Developments	Integer	Programs and initiatives designed to support the development and protection of assets including contributions to Individual Development Accounts (IDAs) and related operational costs (that fall outside the definition of administrative costs), financial education services, tax credit outreach campaigns and tax filing assistance programs, initiatives to support access to mainstream banking, and credit and debt management counseling
27	13	6e	Refundable Earned Income Tax Credits	Integer	Refundable portion of state or local earned income tax credits (EITC) paid to families and otherwise consistent with the requirements of 45 CFR Parts 260 and 263 of the TANF regulations. If the state is using an intercept to recoup a debt owed to the state, only the portion of the refundable EITC that is actually received by the family may be considered a federal TANF or MOE expenditure
28	14	6f	Non-EITC Refundable State Tax Credits	Integer	Refundable portion of other tax credits provided under state or local law that are consistent with the purposes of TANF and the requirements of 45 CFR Parts 260 and 263 of the TANF regulations (e.g., state refundable child care tax credit)
29	15	6g	Non-Recurrent Short Term Benefits	Integer	Short-term benefits to families in the form of cash, vouchers, subsidies, or similar form of payment to deal with a specific crisis situation or episode of need and excluded from the definition of assistance on that basis
30	16		Supportive Services	Integer	Services such as domestic violence services, and health, mental health, substance abuse and disability services, housing counseling services, and other family supports
31	17		Services for Children and Youth	Integer	Programs designed to support and enrich the development and improve the life-skills and educational attainment of children and youth
32	18	6h	Prevention of Out-of-Wedlock Pregnancies	Integer	Programs that provide sex education or abstinence education and family planning services to individuals, couples, and families in an effort to reduce out-of-wedlock pregnancies
33	19	6i	Fatherhood and Two-Parent Family Formation and Maintenance Programs	Integer	Programs that aim to promote responsible fatherhood and/or encourage the formation and maintenance of two-parent families
34	20		Child Welfare Services	Integer	The total expenditures from lines 20a., 20b., and 20c
35	20a		20a. Family Support/Family Preservation/Reunification Services	Integer	Community-based services, provided to families involved in the child welfare system that are designed to increase the strength and stability of families so children may remain in or return to their homes
36	20b		20b. Adoption Services	Integer	Services and activities designed to promote and support successful adoptions
37	20c		20c. Additional Child Welfare Services	Integer	Other services provided to children and families at risk of being in the child welfare system, or who are involved in the child welfare system
38	21		Home Visiting Programs	Integer	Expenditures on programs where nurses, social workers, or other professionals/para-professionals provide services to families in their homes, including evaluating the families’ circumstances; providing information and guidance around maternal health and child health and development; and connecting families to necessary resources and services
39	22		Program Management	Integer	The total expenditures from lines 22a., 22b., and 22c
40	22a	6j	22a. Administrative Costs	Integer	Based on the nature or function of the contract, states must include appropriate administrative costs associated with contracts and subcontracts that count towards the 15 percent administrative cost caps
41	22b		22b. Assessment/Service Provision	Integer	Costs associated with screening and assessment (including substance abuse screening), SSI/SSDI application services, case planning and management, and direct service provision that are neither “administrative costs,” as defined at 45 CFR Part 263.0, nor are otherwise able to be allocated to another expenditure category
42	22c	6k	22c. Systems	Integer	Costs related to monitoring and tracking under the program
43	23	6m	Other	Integer	Non-assistance activities that were not included under Line 6 through Line 22
44	25	8	NOT INCLUDED	0	0
45	26	6c1	NOT INCLUDED	0	0
46	24	7	Total Expenditures	Integer	The total expenditures (i.e., the sum of Line 6 through Line 23)
47	27	9	Federal Unliquidated Obligations	Integer	Obligations reported on this line must meet the definition of obligations contained in 45 CFR 92.3
48	28	10	Unobligated Balance	Integer	Total federal unobligated balances of the GY’s funds in Columns A and D as of the end of each FFY
49		5	NOT INCLUDED	0	0
50		6	NOT INCLUDED	0	0
51		6c2	NOT INCLUDED	0	0
52		12	NOT INCLUDED	0	0

Appendix C: Consolidated Expenditure Categories

	Formula	Field Name	Notes
0	=6	Basic Assistance	0
1	=9	Work, Education, & Training Activities	0
2	=2+11a	Child Care (Spent or Transferred)	0
3	=22	Program Management	0
4	=13+14	Refundable Tax Credits	0
5	=7a+8a+20	Child Welfare Services	May include Foster Care/Child Welfare authorized solely under prior law.
6	=11b	Pre-Kindergarten/Head Start	0
7	=3	Transferred to SSBG	0
8	=18	Out-of-Wedlock Pregnancy Prevention	0
9	=15	Non-Recurrent Short Term Benefits	0
10	=10+12+16	Work Supports & Supportive Services	May include Financial Education and Asset Development.
11	=17+21	Services for Children & Youth	May include Home Visiting.
12	=7b+7c+8b+8c	Authorized Solely Under Prior Law	Excludes Foster Care/Child Welfare authorized solely under prior law.
13	=19	Fatherhood & Two-Parent Family Programs	0
14	=23	Other	0

Appendix D: Caseload Data Metadata

	Column Name	Type	Description
0	State	String	State reporting caseload data.
1	FiscalYear	Integer	The fiscal year (October-September) for which caseload data are being reported.
2	Total Families	Float	The total number of families receiving TANF.
3	Two Parent Families	Float	The total number of two-parent families receiving TANF.
4	One Parent Families	Float	The total number of one-parent families receiving TANF.
5	No Parent Families	Float	The total number of no-parent families receiving TANF.
6	Total Recipients	Float	The total number of TANF recipients.
7	Adult Recipients	Float	The number of adult TANF recipients.
8	Children Recipients	Float	The number of child TANF recipients.

[1]

State TANF Spending in FY 2015 | The Administration for Children and Families

[2]

Personal Consumption Expenditures Price Index | U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA)

[3]

We source our PCE figures from the Bureau of Economic Analysis: BEA : Data Archive